1. Introduction Throughout the entire life cycle of electrical equipment, leakage current is a key indicator for measuring insulation performance and safety level. In accordance with national and international standards such as GB 4706.1 “Safety of household and similar electrical appliances – Part 1: General requirements” and IEC 60335-1, the leakage current of various electrica...
I. Introduction With the increasing popularity of electronic devices, electromagnetic disturbance has become a critical factor affecting the operational stability and safety of equipment. Among them, disturbance voltages generated by wired network interfaces (such as Ethernet interfaces, USB interfaces) and ELV (Extra Low Voltage) lamp interfaces (such as LED strip control interfaces) are directly...
Modern wireless equipment relies on a high level of performance of the antenna to ensure constant communications, precise data transmission, and general durability of the equipment. Since products are incorporating Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, 5G modules and many RF systems in compact formulations, engineers must still make sure that the antennas are effective and are not emitting unnecessary noise. In t...
1. Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Significance In industrial production and practical applications, metal materials and various products are often exposed to the erosion of chlorine-containing environments such as marine atmosphere and industrial waste gas. Chloride ions in salt spray can easily penetrate the oxide layer and protective coatings on the material surface, triggering electro...
1. Introduction With the rapid development of the automotive industry and consumption upgrading, consumers’ attention to vehicle safety performance continues to rise, among which automotive flame retardancy has become a core safety indicator. Automotive interior materials (such as seat fabrics, door panel plastic parts, instrument panel housings, carpets, etc.) are mostly polymer synthetic m...
1. Introduction With the rapid iteration and wide application of electrical and electronic equipment, household appliances, lighting, and information technology devices, fire safety issues during product operation have attracted increasing attention. “Small flames” caused by faults such as internal circuit short circuits and component overheating in equipment, although small in scale, ...
Abstract In the large-scale production of the LED lighting industry, the LED driver, as a core power supply component, its long-term operation stability directly determines the service life and safety performance of LED lamps. If the finished product testing link in the production line lacks standardized and efficient testing equipment, unqualified products are likely to flow into the market, incr...
Abstract In the R&D, production, and factory inspection of electronic and electrical products, lamps, electrical cabinets, and other equipment, the UL rain test is a key method to evaluate the physical performance and safety reliability of products under simulated rainy weather conditions. Traditional rain test equipment has problems such as low standardization, insufficient precision in test ...
Abstract In the production and quality control of transparent and translucent materials such as plastics, films, glass, and LCD panels, color consistency, haze, and light transmittance are core indicators for measuring product performance. Traditional testing equipment often suffers from limitations such as single function, complex operation, and insufficient data accuracy, making it difficult to ...
中文简体
English
Русский
Español
Português
Türkçe
العربية
Deutsch
Polski
Italiano
Français
한국어
ไทย
Tiếng Việt
日本語