11 Provision for earthing 11.1 General Accessories with earthing contacts shall be so constructed that when inserting the plug the earth connection is made before the current-carrying contacts of the plug become live. When withdrawing the plug, the current-carrying pins shall separate before the earth connection is broken. Socket-outlets are tested using a test plug having the dimensions of the co...
Introduction The food and beverage business works in an environment that is highly regulated, and the emphasis is always placed on the quality and safety of the products. Manufacturers depend on a wide variety of testing strategies and technologies to assure customer satisfaction and achieve the rigorous requirements they must adhere to. Environmental chambers are only one example of the kind of c...
Introduction Light is essential in horticulture, since it affects the progress and yield of plants. Due to their low power consumption and adaptable spectral features, artificial light sources like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted a lot of interest in horticultural applications. It is necessary to precisely define and monitor the spectrum output of various light sources in order to opti...
Introduction The quest for smarter and more efficient systems on the power grid has resulted in the development of technologies that are used in smart grids. By using advanced communication and control technologies, these advancements increase the capacity to monitor, manage, and optimize electrical networks. However, due to the increasing complexity and integration of electronic components in sma...
Introduction The maritime sector has substantial corrosion difficulties due to the frequent exposure of structures and equipment to corrosive marine conditions. Corrosion testing is essential for ensuring the long-term viability and dependability of materials and coatings. When determining the corrosion resistance of maritime components and coatings, salt spray test chambers are necessary. This ar...
Determination of accessible parts Accessible parts of equipment General An accessible part of an equipment is a part that can be touched by a body part. For the purposes of determining an accessible part, a body part is represented by one or more of the specified test probes. Accessible parts of an equipment may include parts behind a door, panel, removable cover, etc. that can be opened without t...
Part 1: General requirements 1 Scope This part of IEC 60884 applies to plugs and fixed or portable socket-outlets for AC only, with or without earthing contact, with a rated voltage greater than 50 V but not exceeding 440 V and a rated current not exceeding 32 A, intended for household and similar purposes, either indoors or outdoors. SMT CZ12_AL Compatible plugs and socket-outlets, when combined,...
Introduction Because it offers specific information on the manner in which various types of light sources disperse their brightness, goniophotometry is a vital approach for determining how much light there is. For the purpose of ensuring the accuracy and consistency of goniophotometric measurements, a number of international organizations have collaborated to develop standardized units of measurem...
Introduction Estimates of solar irradiance, which refer to the quantity of radiant energy that is received from the sun, are very important to the fields of renewable energy, climate research, and agriculture. In order to understand the availability of solar energy, improve the efficiency of solar panels, and evaluate the effect of solar radiation on Earth’s climate system, exact measurement...
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