Goniophotometers are vital tools for determining the dispersion of a given light’s output. They are helpful for characterizing and analyzing lighting fixtures, lamps, and luminaires because of the information they give on light intensity and spatial distribution. The rotating mirror goniophotometer is a popular and reliable tool for measuring light intensity among the several varieties of go...
This Technical Report provides a mapping and comparison between the clauses of the traditional IEC 60950-1 and the corresponding clauses, requirements and test methods in the new IEC 62368-1 standard. The tables in this TR identify the corresponding requirements and test methods in IEC 62368-1 for each clause in IEC 60950-1; Notable differences between the standards are highlighted to help: –...
Introduction Plant culture has found several applications for the powerful technique of goniophotometry, which measures and describes the characteristics of various sources of light. Because of the growing need for agriculture in controlled environments and the increased use of artificial lighting in plant cultivation, it is essential to understand the spectral distribution and spatial properties ...
Introduction For the performance of missions and the protection of people, defense and military applications need dependable communication networks. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is only one of several obstacles that these systems must overcome. Interference from electromagnetic fields (EMI) may undermine military operations, endanger national security, and interrupt vital communication signa...
Introduction Digital oscilloscopes make it much easier for engineers to analyze and interpret the information contained in electrical signals. Design engineers have the potential to improve circuit functioning by learning more about signals, identifying problems, and using advanced methodologies for signal analysis. In this piece, we’re going to look at the numerous ways in which digital osc...
Introduction Humidity’s effect on material deterioration may be measured in environmental chambers. The purpose of humidity testing is to evaluate a product’s performance and durability in circumstances that mimic actual use. High-humidity conditions may cause a wide range of material deterioration, including corrosion, swelling, delamination, and a loss of mechanical capabilities; as ...
Requirements for rotary appliances of IEC60335 Standard General Scarifiers with rear discharge openings shall have a movable deflector, the closing torque of which shall not be less than0,30 Nm for machines with a cutting width of 300 mm or less, and not less than 0,40 Nm for machines with a cutting width of 300 mm to 600 mm. Discharge openings (chutes) When open discharge chutes are provided, no ...
MOS transistor has a very high input resistance. However, it is also very sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD) due to its high input resistance and very small gate-source capacitance. The MOS transistor can easily become charged when exposed to external electromagnetic fields or static electricity. Moreover, in situations with strong static electricity, it is difficult to discharge the accum...
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES-SAFETY – Part 2-9: Particular requirements for grills, toasters and similar portable cooking appliances 11 Heating This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows. 11.1 Addition: Compliance for toasters is also checked by the test of 11.101. Compliance for ovens, rotary grills and cookers is also checked by the test of 11.102. Compliance for ...
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