ESD TESTING: THE BASICS

IEC 61000-4-2 compliance test standard for electrostatic discharge immunity has voltage levels of 2,000 to 15,000 Volts. The electrostatic discharge simulators or “ESD Guns” produce voltage levels even up to 30,000 volts (for overstress ESD testing) but with current in the milliamps and is essentially not dangerous. Zapping yourself will generate a mild electrocution, less than standard performance of ESD gun.

ESD61000-2_Electrostatic Discharge Simulator

Depending on your device under test or “DUT”, if it has unstable apparatus or electrical personality, the result could reach dangerous levels. In general, exercise caution when working with voltage levels and charging up DUT.

Electrostatic discharge generator is also known as electrostatic discharge simulator, electrostatic discharge simulation generator, electrostatic discharge test instrument, electrostatic discharge gun, electrostatic discharge immunity test instrument. Electrostatic discharge is that when the electrostatic charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge the surrounding objects in a very short time, which can easily cause damage to electrical and electronic equipment and semiconductor devices. The electrostatic discharge generator provides an accurate and ideal basis for evaluating the electrostatic immunity performance of electrical and electronic equipment and devices by simulating electrostatic discharge.

The static electricity generated by the human body to an object or between two objects may cause the circuit of electrical and electronic equipment to malfunction or even be damaged. Therefore, tests to simulate electrostatic discharge are widely used in the range. ESD Generator or ESD Simulator, commonly known as ESD gun, is an important equipment in ESD immunity test in electromagnetic compatibility measurement and test. The purpose is to test whether the electronic equipment can work normally when it is subjected to external electrostatic discharge, which is the standard IEC61000-4-2 of the Electrotechnical Commission.

Human body model (HBM) The static electricity of the human body is the main and frequent factor that causes the accidental explosion of fire and electric explosives. Human Body Model (HBM), HMB is one of the earliest and main models established in the ESD model. The human body can store a certain amount of electric charge, so the human body obviously has capacitance. The human body also has electrical resistance, which depends on factors such as the elasticity, moisture, and contact resistance of human muscles. Most researchers consider capacitor series-resistor to be a more reasonable electrical model, and many studies in the past have attempted to determine the appropriate values of these parameters for a typical human body. Usually a capacitor in series with a resistor is used as a human body model. As early as 1962, the National Bureau of Mines of the United States measured the capacitance range of 95-398PF for 22 people, the average capacitance value was 240, and the average resistance between hands was 4000Ω in 100 tests.

These data provided a good start for building a human body model. After some modification which was used to build early analog circuits in the electronics industry. Kirk et al. measured the human body capacitance value in the range of 132-190PF. The human body resistance value is 87-190Ω. In order to achieve consensus, the United States proposed a so-called “standard human body model” with a capacitance value of 100PF and a resistance of 1.5kΩ in 1980. This standard was widely adopted, but later encountered some problems.

Machine Model (MM) Machine model is also called Japanese model because it is widely used in Japan. Unlike the furniture model, it consists mainly of 200pf capacitor strings with very low resistance (<10Ω) instead of the usual series resistors. Typical representations of machine models are robotic arms with electrical insulation, vehicles, insulated conductors, etc. The waveform of the discharge of the machine model is similar to the expected waveform of the furniture model, except that the charged capacitance is larger. A typical machine model discharges waveforms to small resistances (<10Ω) with peak currents up to several hundred amperes and durations (determined by the inductance of the discharge path) in the hundreds of nanoseconds.

Human Body Metal ESD Model (Field Enhanced ESD Model) Field Enhanced Model or Human Body Metal Model is a model used to describe the discharge of the human body through metal tools such as tweezers. Since the electrostatic field is concentrated at the tip of the tool, the effective discharge resistance is reduced. The resistance of this model described by Hyatt[] et al. is 350Ω～500Ω, and the capacitance is equal to that of the human body model. Since the time constant is proportional to the resistance, the main difference is that the lower resistance of this model results in a faster rise and fall time of the discharge current.

LISUN ESD simulator guns (Electrostatic Discharge Generator/Electrostatic Gun/ESD Guns) is in full compliance with IEC 61000-4-2, EN61000-4-2, ISO10605, GB/T17626.2, GB/T17215.301 and GB/T17215.322.

Frequently asked questions are as follows:
What is a ESD test?

The static electricity generated by the human body to the object or between two objects may cause the electrical and electronic equipment circuits to malfunction or even be damaged. The ESD generator is designed for the withstanding ESD performance measurement for the assessment of electrical and electronic equipment. ESD61000-2/ESD61000-2A has a LCD touch screen in both English and Chinese. 

What is an esd simulator gun used for?
Electrostatic discharge simulator is highest electrostatic voltage can be up to 30 kv, which is enough to cover the most severe standard grade of electrostatic voltage requirement (the voltage requirements of the grade 4 air discharge electrostatic is 15 KV). The ESD test gun can be used for the most of electrical and electronic equipment for electrostatic discharge test, and also can ensure comparability and reproducibility of test.

Lisun Instruments Limited was found by LISUN GROUP in 2003. LISUN quality system has been strictly certified by ISO9001:2015. As a CIE Membership, LISUN products are designed based on CIE, IEC and other international or national standards. All products passed CE certificate and authenticated by the third party lab.

Our main products are Goniophotometer, Integrating Sphere, Spectroradiometer, Surge Generator, ESD Simulator Guns, EMI Receiver, EMC Test Equipment, Electrical Safety Tester, Environmental Chamber, Temperature Chamber, Climate Chamber, Thermal Chamber, Salt Spray Test, Dust Test Chamber, Waterproof Test, RoHS Test (EDXRF), Glow Wire Test and Needle Flame Test.

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