Color Measurement Tips – About Colorimeter Illumination and Observation Geometry

The human eye cannot correctly represent color in quantity, but we can use colorimeter and spectrophotometers to measure color, which is very simple. The position relationship between the illumination source, the measured sample and the sensor is the illumination observation geometric conditions in color measurement, referred to as geometric conditions. CIE15:2004 recommends ten geometric conditions for the measurement of reflective samples:

1. di:8
Diffuse illumination, 8° reception, including specular components. The sample is diffused by integrating spheres in all directions, and the illumination area should be larger than the measured area. The angle between the axis of the receiving beam and the normal of the sample center is 8°, the angle between the axis of the receiving beam and any light should not exceed 5°, the response of the detector surface is required to be uniform, and the absorbed beam is uniformly illuminated.
2. de:8
Diffuse illumination, received in 8° direction, excluding specular components. The geometric conditions are the same as di:8, except that the receiving beam does not include specular reflection components, nor does it include other rays within specular reflection.

3. 8:di
8° directional illumination, diffuse receiving, including specular components. The geometric conditions are the same as di:8, but the reverse optical path of di:8°.
4. 8:de
8° direction illumination, diffuse receiving, exclusion of specular reflection components. The geometric conditions are the same as de:8, which is the reverse optical path of de:8.
5. d:d
Diffuse illumination, diffuse receiving. The geometric conditions are the same as di:8, except that diffuse light is received in all directions using integrating spheres. Tested under such geometric conditions, the illumination area and receiving area are consistent.
6. d:0
Diffuse illumination, 0° direction reception, excluding specular reflection components. d:0 is another form of diffuse illumination. The sample is diffusely illuminated by integrating spheres and received in the normal direction of the sample. This geometric condition excludes specular reflection components well.

7. 45ɑ:0
45° ring illumination, 0° direction reception. The sample is uniformly illuminated by a toroidal cone beam with an axis on the sample normal, a vertex at the center of the sample, an inner cone half angle of 40°, an outer cone half angle of 50°, and a beam between the two cones to illuminate the sample. Receiving in the normal direction, the half angle of the receiving cone is 5°, and the receiving beam should illuminate the detector evenly.
8. 0:45ɑ
0° directional illumination, 45° ring reception. The geometric conditions are the same as 45ɑ:0, except that the reverse optical path of 45ɑ:0. The sample is illuminated in the normal direction and received in a loop at 45° to the normal.

9. 45x:0
45° directional illumination, 0° direction reception. The geometric conditions are the same as 45ɑ:0, but there is only one direction of illumination, not a ring. “x” indicates the orientation of the illumination. Receive in the normal direction.
10. 0:45x
0° directional illumination, 45° directional reception. The geometric conditions are the same as 45x:0, but it is a 45x:0 reverse optical path. The sample is illuminated in the normal direction and received at a 45° angle to the normal at a certain azimuth.

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