Color attributes and color space

The three elements of color: brightness, hue, and color saturation.
In the LCH color space, L is brightness, C is saturation, and H is hue.
In the RGB color space, R is red, G is green, and B is blue.
In the LAB color space, L stands for brightness; A indicates the red-green bias, A represents the red direction, and A is negative represents the green direction; b indicates yellow-blue bias, b is positive for yellow direction, b is negative for blue direction.

Color space: RGB
As early as 1704, Newton proposed that the essence of color is light; In 1854, Grassmann summarized Glassmann’s law of color mixing; Later, in 1855, Maxwell proposed that red, green and blue light mixes to produce colors of various hues.
So can the three colors of red, green and blue match all colors?
This question depends on “whether all colors can be split into a combination of red, yellow and blue”. That is, can the combination of red, yellow and blue produce all colors that humans can perceive?
Then the scientists began various experiments, and finally found that the answer was: yes, but no.

Through the test, after obtaining the spectrum of a specific color, the intensity value of each wavelength of the color is known, and the intensity value of the equivalent three-color light (RGB) is known.
In this way, there is a matching value of RGB three primary color light equivalent to this specific spectrum.
This ratio value can be used to roughly quantify the color.
The ratio value after normalization is the so-called chromaticity coordinates.

In this way, all colors in nature that the human eye can distinguish. As long as you can distinguish the color, you can use this method to quantify. Although it is possible to (only) describe colors with spectral curves, but! From 780nm to 380nm, the number is huge and very unintuitive!
Such a naming scheme is unrealistic. Therefore, not all colors can be split into combinations of red, yellow and blue.

Color space: XYZ
But if it is named after the ratio value of RGB, only 3 data are needed (after normalization, only 2 data are needed).
It took three hundred years for mankind to get to this point.
On this basis, a mathematical coordinate transformation was carried out (coordinates changed from RGB to XYZ)

This is the CIE 1931 XYZ chromaticity diagram we usually see.
Of course, in this way, the “brightness” information contained in the three stimulus values is completely lost, and only the information of the relative ratio value remains. Therefore, the CIE 1931 XYZ chromaticity diagram can only see the information of excellence (hue, saturation), and cannot see the brightness.

Color space: Munsell
In 1905, the American painter Munsell summarized the experience and research results of color scientists over the past two centuries and proposed the Munsell color system.

The Munsell color classification method belongs to a purely psychological color classification method, and its three-dimensional space represents the three basic visual parameters of color, namely brightness, hue, and saturation.

As a physical color sample of Munsell color system, Mussell Atlas has been widely used in various color-related industrial production and color science research such as textiles, dyes, coatings, inks, medicine, chemistry, photography, color television, etc.
L means light and dark, + is light, – is dark; A is red-green, + is reddish, – is greenish; B means yellowish blue, + is yellowish, and – is blue.

Color space: LCh, CMYK, etc
Now in different industries, there are still many color spaces that have been used. For example: LCh, CMYK, Hunterlab, etc.
L is the luminance value, C is the color saturation, and h is the hue angle.

LISUN lauched Portable Colorimeter/Chroma Meter is an innovation color measuring tool with powerful configuration to make color measurement easier and more professional; It support Bluetooth to connect with Android and ISO devices, Portable Colorimeter/Chroma Meter will take you into a new world of color management; It can be widely used to measure color value, color difference value and find similar color from color cards for printing industry, paint industry, textile industry, etc.

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