What does an integrating sphere measure

Generally speaking, the optical diffuser, when used carefully, can reduce the small errors caused by the uneven distribution of the incident light source on the detector or the deviation of the beam during measurement, so the accuracy of the integrating sphere measurements can be improved. However, in precise measurement, an integrating sphere must be used as an optical diffuser to minimize the above-mentioned error.

The basic principle of the integrating sphere is that light is collected by the integrating sphere through the sampling port. After multiple reflections inside the integrating sphere, it scatters very uniformly inside the integrating sphere. When the integrating sphere is used to measure the luminous flux, the measurement results can be more reliable. The integrating sphere can reduce and eliminate the shape of the light, the divergence angle, and the measurement error caused by the difference in the responsivity of different positions on the detector.

The conditions of a good integrating sphere:
1. The inner surface of the integrating sphere is a complete geometric sphere with the same radius everywhere;
2. The inner wall of the integrating sphere is a neutral and uniform diffuse reflection surface, which has the same diffuse reflectance for incident light of various wavelengths;
3. There is no object in the sphere, and the light source is also regarded as an abstract light source that only emits light without real objects;

Factors affecting the measuring accuracy of the integrating sphere:
1. The inner wall of the integrating sphere is a uniform ideal diffuse reflection layer, which obeys Lambert’s rule;
2. The reflectivity of each point on the inner wall of the integrating sphere is equal;
3. The diffuse reflection of the white coating on the inner wall of the integrating sphere is neutral;
4. The radius of the integrating sphere is equal everywhere, and there is no other object in the ball except the lamp;
5. The window material is neutral, and its E conforms to the cosine law of illuminance. The inconsistency between the actual situation and the ideal condition will bring about measurement errors, so it needs to be corrected;

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