Precise optical measurements require the capability to acquire the light yield correctly, or repeatably. This is common with a sphere light source which is an integrating source since it modular directional light into a diffuse and uniform light source which can be measured accurately. In practice within laboratory settings, the system is commonly known as a photometric sphere with its primary use...
Abstract The Burning Test refers to a comprehensive series of standardized experimental methods used to scientifically evaluate a material’s ability to resist flame spread, maintain its structural integrity, and prevent fire expansion under specific ignition conditions. In the automotive industry, the flammability testing of interior materials is paramount, directly impacting occupant safety...
Exposure to water has become one of the leading factors of failure of the electronic and mechanized commodities which are either being used in the outdoor or humid environments. Consumer electronics, lighting fixtures and industrial enclosure and automotive manufacturers have to make sure that products do not lose their functionality once they are exposed to water in different conditions. The wate...
Abstract The spectrum analyzer, a core testing instrument in the RF and microwave engineering fields, plays a key role in converting time-domain electrical signals into frequency-domain spectra, visually displaying the signal’s frequency components and power distribution. This article aims to systematically answer the fundamental question: “What is a Spectrum Analyzer Used For?“....
Thermal stress analysis is an important tool in establishing the behavior of materials, electronics, and mechanical assemblies at excessive temperatures. The temperature test chamber will be set in such a way that controlled heating and cooling cycles are applied to the chamber which simulate harsh operating conditions during actual operation. These systems are nowadays used as a laboratory-specif...
Abstract X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy is a highly efficient, non-destructive elemental analysis technique widely used in material identification, quality control, and resource exploration. While traditional benchtop x-ray fluorescence machines offer exceptional accuracy, their fixed laboratory nature struggles to meet the demands for rapid on-site testing. Advances in detector technology, micro...
One of the most unpredictable failures in the modern electronics is the electrostatic discharge. The smaller, faster and denser the device, the lower the components capability of surviving high-voltage pulses. This ensures ESD testing is an important process in the product validation process particularly when the consumer requirement entails reliability in various settings. Economic factors like a...
Electromagnetic compatibility has turned out to be a prerequisite in all industries that use electronics. The higher the digital complexity of products, which are increasingly smaller in size, the larger the risk of undesired interference. With communication modules and LED drivers to power supplies and industrial controllers, any device creating electrical switching can potentially cause noise on...
Safety inspection of electrical and electronic products in regard to fire safety is a prerequisite in the world-wide industries. As devices get smaller and denser and thermally, internal components are closer to their material constraints, and the probability of ignition in the event of electrical fault goes up. The glow wire test was created in order to mimic realistic fire-initiating scenarios a...
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