Four-Quadrant Bipolar Voltage Variation Simulator

1. Basic Understanding of Equipment

1.1 Model Classification

LISUN Model	LIS-APS-4010K300	LIS-APS-4030K300	LIS-APS-8050K300	LIS-APS-80100K300
Output Characteristics	Four-Quadrant Bipolar
Rated Output Voltage Un	±40 V DC/AC		±80 V DC/AC
Rated Output Current In	0 to ±10 A	0 to ±30 A	0 to ±50 A	0 to ±100 A
Transient peak current Ip	2 times the rated current, duration 20–200 ms
Frequency Range (Sine Wave)	DC–300 kHz (output error < 0.1%)
Output Mode	Constant voltage, constant current. (Output accuracy: 0.05%; Setting accuracy: 1 mV/1 mA)
Voltage Rise Rate	≥15 V/µs
AC Voltage Amplitude	>30 Vpp @ 100 kHz; >10 Vpp @ 300 kHz
Load capacity	At full AC load, Vpp drops by <200 mV
Frequency Output Method	Fixed, Linear, Logarithmic
Source Impedance	Adjustable from 0 mΩ to 500 mΩ (resolution: 1 mΩ, accuracy: <±5%). Also supports external resistance to meet specific automotive manufacturer standards.
Voltage Ripple	<10 mVrms (ripple and noise: <30 mVpp)
Combined Waveform Editing	ISO 7637-2 P2b and P4 / Linear / DC / Sine wave / Square wave / Triangle wave / Exponential wave / Arbitrary waveform; supports frequency sweeping
Number of Editable Steps for Combined Waves	Up to 500 steps
Minimum editable time for composite waves	5 µs
Count the points on an arbitrary waveform	≤16000,000
Editable point spacing for arbitrary waves	0.1 µs–1 s
Arbitrary Wave Format	Excel, CSV
Protection Features	Features overcurrent, overvoltage, short-circuit, and overtemperature protection
Control System	10.1-inch Chinese-English Android Capacitive Touchscreen Display + Supports Remote Control via PC Software
Ripple FFT Sampling Analysis	The built-in oscilloscope displays the output waveform in real time.
Ripple Superposition Closed-Loop Sampling	Equipped with built-in ripple voltage and current probes, it enables direct closed-loop ripple testing at a distance of 10 cm in accordance with ISO 16750-2:2023, Figure 5.

1.2 Applicable Standards

Standard Number	Standard Title
GB/T 28046.2-2019	Environmental Conditions and Tests for Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Road Vehicles—Part 2: Electrical Loads
GB/T 21437.2-2021	Test Methods for Electromagnetic Disturbances Caused by Conduction and Coupling in Electrical and Electronic Components of Road Vehicles—Part 2: Conducted Transient Emissions and Immunity Along Power Lines
SMTC 38000001-2012	General Testing Requirements for Automotive Electronic and Electrical Components
ISO 16750-2:2023	Road Vehicles—Environmental Conditions and Testing for Electrical and Electronic Equipment—Part 2: Electrical Loads
ISO 7637-2:2021	Road Vehicles—Electrical Disturbances from Conduction and Coupling—Part 2: Electrical Transients Conducted Solely Along Power Supply Lines
LV 124	Electrical and Electronic Components in Motor Vehicles Weighing Up to 3.5 Metric Tons—Requirements, Test Conditions, and Tests for the 12-Volt On-Board Electrical System
LV 148-E09	Electric and Electronic Components in Motor Vehicles—48V On-Board Electrical System Requirements and Test Conditions
VW 80000:2023	Geometric Tolerance and Quality Control Specifications for Automotive Components
GS 95024-2:2011	Electrical and Electronic Components in Motor Vehicles—Supplementary Requirements and Tests for 12V On-Board Electrical System Components
GMW 3172:2023	General Specifications for Electrical and Electronic Components – Environmental and Durability

1.3 Application Scenarios

The LIS-APS Series Four-Quadrant Bipolar Voltage Variation Simulator is a high-precision power supply simulation device that supports bidirectional energy flow. Based on a fully controlled H-bridge topology, it enables disturbance-free transitions across all four operating quadrants and provides seamless switching between positive and negative voltage and current outputs.accurately simulating dynamic voltage changes, transient pulses, polarity reversals, and operating conditions such as open circuits, short circuits, and wire disconnections. It also features customizable waveform editing, adjustable impedance, and wide-frequency ripple superposition, making it a core piece of equipment for power supply adaptability testing in fields such as automotive electronics and rail transit.

Applications: In the automotive electronics sector, it simulates operating conditions such as fluctuations in vehicle battery voltage, start-stop cycles, and open circuits or short circuits in wiring harnesses to verify the immunity and reliability of components such as ECUs, BMSs, and vehicle lights; in the rail transit and aerospace sectors, it performs power supply adaptability testing on onboard electronic equipment; in industrial control and medical electronics, to verify the operational stability of equipment under power supply fluctuations; and in energy storage and motor applications, to simulate voltage and current characteristics during energy regeneration.

2. Precautions for Use

2.1 Environmental Requirements

Ambient temperature: 23 °C ± 5 °C; relative humidity: 45–75%, non-condensing; altitude: ≤2000 m; no strong vibrations or electromagnetic interference in the surrounding area; use of the equipment in dusty, flammable, or explosive environments is strictly prohibited.

2.2 Power Supply Requirements

Input power supply: AC 220 V ±10%, 50 Hz; Input power: ≤1 kW; The power supply must be reliably grounded, with a grounding resistance of ≤4 Ω; It is recommended to use a voltage-regulated power supply to prevent power grid fluctuations from affecting test accuracy.

2.3 Wiring Principles

Use power cables with the specified wire gauge to prevent the conductors from overheating under high current conditions; keep test cables as short as possible and route them in parallel to minimize the impact of parasitic parameters; ensure that the DUT (Device Under Test) enclosure is reliably connected to the equipment’s protective ground; and route signal cables separately from power cables to avoid cross-interference.

2.4 Operational Safety Guidelines

Wear insulated protective gear; before testing, ensure all connections are secure and that there are no exposed conductors; do not plug in or unplug test cables during testing to avoid arc burns; do not touch the DUT or test fixtures while the pulse is being output; if you hear unusual noises, smell an unusual odor, or see smoke, immediately disconnect the power; During prolonged continuous testing, ensure the equipment is properly ventilated for heat dissipation.

3. Equipment Overview and Wiring

3.1 Front Panel

See Figure 3-1.

Number	Note
①	Device power switch: Press briefly to turn on; press and hold to turn off.
②	10.1-inch Capacitive Touchscreen
③	USB1 port: Used by LISUN engineers for device debugging; users do not need to use it.
④	USB 2.0 port, which can be used to connect a mouse to control the touchscreen, or to connect a USB flash drive to upgrade the software or update database files
⑤	Output connector; observe polarity. Used to connect directly to the DUT for testing.

3.2 Back Panel

See Figure 3-2.

Number	Note
①	Power cord receptacle and fuse; ensure the input power supply is properly grounded
②	Circuit breaker, main input power supply switch for the equipment
③	Protective grounding terminal: If the input power supply does not have a reliable ground connection, this terminal must be connected separately to ground.
④	Output jack—pay attention to polarity; this jack functions identically to the front-panel output jack. When using it as a power source, connect it to other devices using a cable.
⑤	RS485 interface/LAN port, which can be connected to a computer to use the host software (as a backup). The host software offers the same functionality as the touchscreen; please contact us if needed.

3.3 Introduction to Accessories

See Figure 3-3.

Number	Note
①	Power Cord
②	AC Output Voltage Calibration Cable, Spare. When outputting high-frequency AC voltage, if you observe that the output voltage attenuates over time, use this cable to calibrate the voltage. Please contact us if you need to use it.
③	Ground Wire
④	Test lead, used to connect the output port on the device’s front panel to the DUT
⑤	Ethernet cable, used to connect a computer to host software

4. Introduction to the Touchscreen Program

4.1 Test Interface

4.1.1 Use as a Power Source

See Figure 4-1.

Number	Note
①	Set the output mode for DC: CV for constant voltage, CC for constant current
②	Set the Output Resistance
③	Set DC Output Voltage/Current
④	Click to turn the DC power output on or off; it can be used as a standalone output or combined with AC output.
⑤	Select an AC Waveform
⑥	Set the AC Frequency
⑦	Set the AC voltage; note that this is the Vpp value.
⑧	Click to turn the AC power output on or off; it can be output independently or combined with DC output.
⑨	Switch to Manual Adjustment
⑩	Select the regulated power supply: AC or DC
⑪	Set the step value
⑫	Click the up/down buttons to manually adjust the output according to the set increment value.
⑬	Display the current output waveform
⑭	Screenshot: Click to save a screenshot of the current output waveform to your device.

4.1.2 Standard Operational Testing

See Figure 4-2.

Number	Note
①	Here are the shortcut keys for the Pulse 2b and Pulse 4 waveforms in 12V mode. Simply click to select them—no need to adjust any parameters.
②	If you need to use the Pulse 2b and Pulse 4 waveforms in 24V mode or conduct tests according to other standard specifications, you must access the database file interface to make your selection. Once selected, no parameters need to be modified.
③	Switch to Programming Mode
④	Click to run the test
⑤	Display the steps and duration of the current test
⑥	Display the current output waveform

If you need to perform custom tests, refer to the table below.

Number	Note
a	Waveform selection, from top to bottom: DC linear wave, AC sine wave/triangular wave/TMW pulse wave, AC test mode (constant voltage), AC closed-loop test/constant current, AC open-loop test mode, differential wave, exponential wave, square wave, decay wave, custom waveform (reserved; please contact us if you need to use this option)
b	Waveform Diagram and Parameter Settings
c	After selecting a waveform and configuring the parameters, click “Add.”
d	Once all settings are configured, click “Save” to save the current test parameters to the database file.
e	All waveforms added in sequence

4.2 Database File Interface

See Figure 4-3.

Number	Note
①	Back to the Previous Directory
②	Select the standard file you want to test
③	Double-click or click “Import” to open the test interface and run the test.
④	If you have other standard tests but do not wish to create custom tests, please contact us and send us the details of the corresponding standard. We will guide you on how to use a USB drive to update the database file directly with that standard.

4.3 Settings Interface

See Figure 4-4.

Number	Note
①	Report Storage Methods and Paths
②	Closed-Loop Test Save Options and Save Paths
③	How to Save Screenshots and Where They Are Saved
④	Communication settings are set to LOCAL by default. If you need to use host computer software, you can switch to RS485 or the LAN port. Please contact us.
⑤	Security settings: Use the factory default settings; do not change them.
⑥	Test Report Parameter Settings
⑦	Probe Multiplier: This setting is only effective during AC closed-loop testing. The value set for Vpp is multiplied by this multiplier. Use the factory default setting; do not modify it.
⑧	Volume Settings
⑨	Combined Wave Compensation Voltage: If a compensation voltage is set here when outputting a combined waveform on the test interface, this value will be added. Use the factory default setting; do not modify it.
⑩	For overcurrent delay, use the factory default setting; do not modify it.
⑪	Switch Display Language

Note: We do not recommend enabling the auto-save feature. Automatically saving large numbers of waveform and report files over time will consume device storage space and may cause the touchscreen program to run slowly.

5. Test Procedures

5.1 Using It as a Power Source

Ensure that all devices are powered off; use a test cable to connect the device’s output port to the DUT’s power input port; after setting the desired power output parameters as described in Section 4.1.1, start the output; when finished, click “Disconnect Output” again.

5.2 Standard Operational Testing

5.2.1 Wiring

Ensure that both the device and the DUT are powered off; use a test cable to connect the device’s output port to the DUT’s power cord.

5.2.2 Operational Testing

First, refer to Section 4.1.1 to set the appropriate power supply parameters for the DUT and enable the power supply output, ensuring that the DUT is in normal operating condition.

Then, refer to Section 4.1.2 to select the required test standard or configure the test parameters, and run the test; observe the DUT’s operating status and record any observations; wait for the test to complete—or, in case of an emergency, press the stop button to halt the test immediately.

5.2.3 Evaluation of Results

Functional Level	Definition of Standards	Judging Guidelines
Grade A	During and after the application of interference, all functions of the DUT operated normally as designed, and performance parameters remained within specifications.	No functional abnormalities were observed throughout the entire process, and no intervention was required after testing—this meets the highest standards.
Grade B	During the application of interference, all functions remain operational, but certain parameters may exceed their tolerance limits; once the interference is removed, all functions automatically return to their normal ranges, and the storage function maintains Class A performance.	Parameter drift and minor performance degradation are permitted during testing, but no functional failures may occur; the system must automatically recover after testing.
Grade C	During the application of interference, one or more functions do not operate as designed; once the interference is removed, the functions automatically return to normal.	During testing, phenomena such as functional interruptions and logical anomalies are permitted; after testing, the system should recover automatically without the need for manual intervention.
Grade D	Malfunction occurs while interference is present; after the interference is removed, normal operation can be restored only through simple manual steps (power cycle, reset).	Freezing, rebooting, and similar issues are acceptable, but there must be no hardware damage, and the system must be able to recover with a simple reset.
Grade E	During and after the interference, the function will be permanently disabled and cannot be restored without repairing or replacing the hardware.	Permanent damage; automatically deemed a failure

Core Principle: If the DUT exhibits a Grade E performance (hardware damage, permanent loss of functionality), the test is deemed a failure regardless of the agreed-upon grade; for Grades A through D, pass/fail is determined based on the minimum acceptable grade agreed upon by the supplier and the customer.

5.2.4 Post-Test Procedures

Ensure that both the equipment and the DUT are powered off; disconnect the wiring on the DUT side first, then disconnect the wiring on the equipment side.

6. Daily Maintenance and Care of Equipment

6.1 Daily Cleaning

6.1.1 Cleaning Schedule and Procedures

After each use: Clean the touchscreen surface and remove dust from the device panel;

Weekly: Clean the equipment housing and the filters in the vents;

Monthly: Clean dust from inside the equipment (to be performed by a professional).

6.1.2 Cleaning Methods

Wipe the exterior with a clean, soft, lint-free cloth; use a dedicated screen cleaner for the touchscreen; clean the vents with a soft-bristled brush and use a vacuum cleaner if necessary; do not use corrosive solvents such as acetone.

6.2 Periodic Inspections

Check the power cord for damage or wear; check that the ground connection is secure; check that the fan is operating normally; check that the buttons and touchscreen are responsive; check the terminal blocks for oxidation or loose connections.

6.3 Storage and Handling

6.3.1 Requirements for Long-Term Storage

Storage Conditions: Temperature -10°C to +50°C, humidity ≤ 85%; Clean the equipment and apply dust protection before storage; Power it on once every 3 months, running it for at least 30 minutes each time; Avoid stacking or applying heavy pressure to prevent the panel from warping.

6.3.2 Precautions for Handling

Unplug all external cables before moving the device; use the original packaging and ensure it is properly cushioned and protected; keep the device upright during transport and avoid harsh vibrations; when lifting, grip the bottom and sides of the device—do not lift by the panel.

6.4 Calibration Interval Requirements

To ensure the measurement accuracy and operational reliability of the equipment, it is recommended that it be sent periodically to a qualified third-party metrology laboratory for calibration. The recommended calibration interval is 12 months. Users may determine the specific calibration interval based on frequency of use, environmental conditions, and quality system requirements.

7. Troubleshooting and Resolving Common Problems

Fault Symptoms	Possible Causes	Procedure
The device won’t turn on	The input power supply main power switch on the back is not turned on, or the fuse has blown	Turn on the input power supply switch located at the power cord receptacle on the back of the unit; check the fuse, and if it has blown, replace it with a fuse of the same rating.
Touchscreen Malfunction After Power-On	System freeze, loose ribbon cable	If the problem persists after restarting, disconnect the power, remove the device’s outer casing, and check whether the touchscreen ribbon cable is loose.
Test Stopped Automatically Midway	Over-temperature protection triggered, overcurrent/overvoltage protection triggered	Check whether the equipment’s ventilation is obstructed and whether the ambient temperature is too high; check the DUT for short circuits or overloads.
USB Flash Drive Not Recognized	USB drive format is incompatible or has excessive capacity	Use a FAT32-formatted USB drive with a capacity of no more than 32 GB; if that doesn’t work, try a different USB drive.
No voltage/current after output is enabled	DUT Wiring Abnormality, Protection Function Triggered	After disconnecting the output, verify that the DUT is wired correctly and that there are no open circuits or short circuits; check for any overvoltage, overcurrent, or overtemperature warnings, and retry after resolving the issue.
Abnormal Output Voltage/Current Accuracy	Improper output resistance settings; long-term lack of calibration	Verify that the source impedance parameters meet the test requirements; contact a third-party metrology organization to perform calibration.